CO2 Emissions reduction strategies and economic development of India

This paper examines the consequences of alternative CO2 emission reduction strategies on economic development and, in particular, the implications for the poor by empirically implementing an economy-wide model for India over a 35-year time horizon. A multi-sectoral, inter-temporal model in the activity analysis framework is used for this purpose. The model with specific technological alternatives, endogenous income distribution, truly dynamic behaviour and covering the whole economy is an integrated top-down bottom-up model. The results show that CO2 emission reduction imposes costs in terms of lower GDP and higher poverty. Cumulative emission reduction targets are, however, preferable to annual reduction targets and that a dynamically optimum strategy can help reduce the burden of emission reductions. The scenarios involving compensation for the loss in welfare are not very encouraging as they require large capital inflows. Contrasted with these, scenarios involving tradable emission quota give India an incentive to be carbon efficient. It becomes a net seller for the first 25 years and because of reduction in carbon intensity it would demand less in later years when it becomes a net buyer. The results suggest that for India, and other developing countries, the window of opportunity to sell carbon quotas is the next two decades or so.

Stability Constants of the Binary Complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) & Zn(II) with Thiamine & Ternary Complexes with Thiamine as Primary Ligand & Thymine or Uracil as Secondary Ligand

169-171Stability constants of the 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 metal-thiamine (vitamin B1) complexes and 1: 1 : 1 metal-thiamine-thymine/uracil mixed ligand complexes have been determined in aqueous medium by potentiometric method at 35° ± 0.1°C and μ = 0.10 M (KNO3). The log K values for 1:2 metal-thiamine systems are positive whereas values for 1: 1 : 1 metal-thiamine-thymine or -uracil systems are negative. So the log K values reveal that mixed ligand complexes are less stable than the binary (1:1) complexes

Potentiometric determination of the stability constants of ternary complexes of bio-logically important metal ions

630-632The formation constants of the ternary complexes of the type [MLA], where L = adenine or cytosine and A = aspartic acid, glycine or catechol; and M = Cu(II), NI(II), Co(II) or Zn(II) have been determined potentiometrically in aqueous solution at 35°C and μ = 0.10 M KNO3. The ternary complexes involving catechol as secondary ligand are more stable than the binary complexes, whereas ternary system, containing aspartic acid or glycine as secondary ligand are less stable than the binary systems. The comparison of log K values reveals that the mixed ligand complexes containing adenine are more stable than those containing cytosine